The World Heritage Convention[nb 1] laid down by UNESCO in 1972 provides the basis for the designation and management of World Heritage Sites. According to article 11.4 of the convention, UNESCO, through the World Heritage Committee, may place threatened World Heritage Sites whose conservation require major operations and for which "assistance has been requested" on a List of World Heritage in Danger.[1] This action is meant to increase the international awareness to the threat and to encourage counteractive measures.[2] Threats to a site can be either ascertained dangers which are proven imminent threats or potential dangers that could have adverse effects on the characteristics of a site.
In the case of natural sites, ascertained dangers include the serious decline in the population of an endangered or other valuable species or the deterioration of natural beauty or scientific value of a property by man-made activities such as logging, pollution, human settlement, mining, agriculture and major public works. Ascertained dangers for cultural properties include serious deterioration of materials, structure, ornaments or architectural coherence and the loss of historical authenticity or cultural significance. Potential dangers for both cultural and natural sites include development projects, armed conflicts, insufficient management system or changes in the legal protective status of the property. In the case of cultural sites also gradual changes due to geology, climate or environment can be potential dangers.[3]
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